PATIENT PORTAL

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Understanding Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Understanding Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to describe two chronic conditions: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions involve inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, leading to various digestive disorders that can significantly impair the quality of life. We will delve into the symptoms of IBD, how it is diagnosed, and the treatment options available, emphasising the comprehensive care offered at Thangam Hospital.

 

Understanding Inflammatory Bowel Disease

What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

IBD is an umbrella term that comprises two main disorders:

 

  1. Crohn’s Disease: This can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, but it is most commonly found in the terminal ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the colon. The inflammation can penetrate deeper into the layers of the intestinal wall and can cause various complications, including strictures and fistulas.
  2. Ulcerative Colitis: This condition specifically affects the colon (large intestine) and rectum and is characterised by continuous inflammation and ulcers in the innermost lining of the colon. Unlike Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis does not affect the entire thickness of the bowel wall.

 

What Causes Inflammatory Bowel Disease?

The exact cause of IBD remains unknown, but several factors may contribute:

 

  1. Genetics: IBD tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
  2. Immune System: An abnormal immune response may lead the body’s immune system to attack its intestinal cells, causing inflammation.
  3. Environmental Factors: Lifestyle factors, such as diet and exposure to certain substances, as well as a history of antibiotic use, can be related to the development of IBD.
  4. Microbiome: Imbalances in gut bacteria can contribute to gut inflammation.

 

Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The symptoms of IBD can vary from person to person and depend on the severity and location of the inflammation. Common symptoms include:

 

  1. Abdominal Pain and Cramping

Patients often experience cramping and pain in the abdomen, which can be severe and frequent. This is primarily due to inflammation in the gut, making abdominal pain treatments necessary for relief.

 

  1. Diarrhoea

Chronic diarrhoea is a hallmark of IBD, and patients may also notice blood or mucus in their stools, especially with ulcerative colitis.

 

  1. Fatigue

The inflammatory process in the body can lead to fatigue and a general sense of malaise. Nutritional deficiencies due to malabsorption can also contribute to feelings of tiredness.

 

  1. Weight Loss

Unintentional weight loss can occur due to a decreased appetite, malabsorption, and increased energy expenditure from inflammation.

 

  1. Fever

Some patients may experience low-grade fevers during flare-ups due to increased inflammatory activity in the body.

 

  1. Extraintestinal Symptoms

IBD can also manifest with symptoms outside the GI tract, including joint pain, skin rashes, and eye inflammation.

 

Diagnosing Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Diagnosing IBD usually involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests:

 

  1. Medical History and Symptoms Review

A healthcare provider will start by assessing the patient’s medical history and the specific symptoms they are experiencing. This helps in understanding the severity and impact on the individual’s lifestyle.

 

  1. Physical Examination

A physical examination can help identify signs of IBD, such as tenderness in the abdomen and unintended weight loss.

 

  1. Blood Tests

Blood tests may be performed to check for anaemia, inflammation markers (like C-reactive protein), and nutritional deficiencies.

 

  1. Stool Tests

These tests help rule out infections or parasites that may cause similar symptoms, and can also check for blood in the stool.

 

  1. Imaging Studies

Imaging techniques, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, can provide detailed pictures of the bowel and help identify areas of inflammation or complications.

 

  1. Endoscopy

Endoscopic procedures, such as colonoscopy or upper endoscopy, allow direct visualization of the GI tract. A tissue biopsy can also be obtained to confirm the diagnosis.

 

Treatment Options for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

While there is currently no cure for IBD, a variety of treatment options are available to manage symptoms and induce remission. Treatment plans are individualised based on the type and severity of the disease, as well as the patient’s overall health.

 

  1. Medications

Several classes of medications are used to treat IBD:

 

  • Aminosalicylates (5-ASA): These anti-inflammatory drugs are often used for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis.
  • Corticosteroids: These anti-inflammatory medications can help reduce inflammation during flare-ups. They are effective but typically prescribed for short-term use due to potential side effects.
  • Immunomodulators: These drugs, such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine, help alter the immune response to decrease inflammation. They are often used in patients who do not respond well to other treatments.
  • Biologics: Targeted therapies, such as infliximab, adalimumab, and vedolizumab, target specific pathways in the inflammatory process. Biologics are often used for moderate to severe IBD and have proven effective in inducing and maintaining remission.
  • Antibiotics: In cases of bacterial infections or complications such as abscesses, antibiotics may be prescribed.

 

  1. Nutritional Support

Patients with IBD may experience malnutrition due to poor absorption of nutrients. Nutritional therapy may include:

 

  • Dietary Modifications: Certain foods may exacerbate symptoms. Work with a dietitian to develop a suitable meal plan based on individual triggers.
  • Supplements: Vitamins and minerals, especially iron, vitamin D, and calcium, may be necessary to address deficiencies.

 

  1. Surgery

In severe cases or when medications fail to control symptoms, surgical intervention may be necessary. Common surgical procedures include:

 

  • Colectomy: Removal of part or all of the colon may be recommended for patients with ulcerative colitis or complications from Crohn’s disease.
  • Ileostomy or J-Pouch Surgery: After colectomy, an ileostomy may be necessary, or surgeons may create a j-pouch, allowing for more normal bowel function without an external bag.

 

  1. Lifestyle Modifications

While medications are critical, patients can also manage IBD symptoms through lifestyle modifications such as:

 

Stress Management: Stress can trigger flare-ups. Techniques such as yoga, meditation, and counselling can be beneficial.

Regular Exercise: Moderate physical activity can enhance overall well-being and may help manage symptoms.

 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease can be a challenging condition that impacts the daily lives of those affected, but understanding the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options can empower patients to manage their health effectively. At Thangam Hospital of PMRC, we are committed to providing the highest quality of care tailored to each patient’s unique needs. Our team of experts specialises in diagnosing and managing digestive disorders, ensuring all your health concerns are addressed with compassion and precision. If you’re looking for effective abdominal pain treatments and comprehensive care for IBD, we invite you to visit us at the earliest.

Related Blogs

Make an Appointment Today

Happy Patients
0 Lakh+

Over the success critical patients surgery in the hospital

Expert Doctors
30 +
The medical professional doctors available in the hospital
Health Departments
15 +
Total health departments available in our medical hospital

This facility will be available soon.

Book an Appointment

decades of experience with modern medical technologies