Hernia is a medical condition characterized by the protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the wall of the cavity where it’s normally contained. It commonly occurs in the abdomen, but hernias can also develop in other areas of the body. The abdominal cavity is surrounded by layers of muscle and connective tissue that help support and protect the organs within. When there’s a weakness or defect in these layers, it can lead to the formation of a hernia. This weakness can be present from birth (congenital) or develop later in life due to factors such as aging, injury, or repeated strain on the abdominal muscles.

TYPES OF HERNIA

1. Inguinal Hernia: This is the most common type of hernia, occurring in the groin area where the abdomen meets the thigh. It often results from a weakness in the abdominal wall muscles and is more common in men than women.
2. Hiatal Hernia: This type of hernia occurs when part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. Symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing may occur.
3. Umbilical Hernia: An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall near the navel (belly button). It’s more common in infants but can also occur in adults, particularly those who are overweight or pregnant.
4. Ventral Hernia: This type of hernia occurs at any location along the abdominal wall where a previous surgical incision was made. It can occur months or even years after surgery.
5. Femoral Hernia: Similar to inguinal hernias, femoral hernias occur in the groin area but are located slightly lower and more toward the front of the thigh. They are more frequently seen in women, particularly those who are pregnant or obese.

WHEN DO YOU NEED A MEDICAL PROCEDURE?

Hernias often present as a visible bulge or lump under the skin, particularly when straining or bearing down. Other common symptoms include pain or discomfort at the site of the hernia, especially during activities such as lifting, coughing, or bending over.

Treatment for hernias typically involves surgical repair to close the opening in the abdominal wall and reinforce the weakened area. In some cases, especially with small hernias that are not causing symptoms, watchful waiting may be recommended. However, untreated hernias can lead to complications such as incarceration (where the herniated tissue becomes trapped) or strangulation (where the blood supply to the herniated tissue is compromised), which require emergency medical attention. The decision to undergo hernia surgery depends on several factors, including the size of the hernia, the severity of symptoms, and the risk of complications.

 While not all hernias require immediate surgical intervention, certain guidelines help determine when surgery is necessary.

SIZE OF THE HERNIA

1. Small Hernias: Small hernias, typically those less than 2 centimeters in diameter, may not require surgery, especially if they are not causing symptoms or discomfort. In some cases, watchful waiting with regular monitoring by a healthcare professional may be recommended.
2. Larger Hernias: Larger hernias, especially those greater than 2 centimeters in diameter, are more likely to require surgical repair. Large hernias have a higher risk of complications such as bowel incarceration or strangulation, which can lead to serious health problems if left untreated.

SYMPTOMS

1. Pain or Discomfort: Hernias that cause persistent or severe pain, discomfort, or interference with daily activities often warrant surgical repair to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.
2. Difficulty with Activities: Hernias that limit a person’s ability to perform activities such as lifting, bending, or exercising may also indicate the need for surgery.

RISK OF COMPLICATIONS:

1. In some cases, the risk of complications associated with a hernia may outweigh the risks of surgery. Complications such as bowel obstruction, strangulation, or incarceration can occur when the herniated tissue becomes trapped or the blood supply to the hernia is compromised. Emergency surgery is typically required in these situations to prevent serious complications and preserve bowel function.
2. Hernias that are at risk of becoming incarcerated or strangulated due to their size, location, or other factors may require elective surgical repair to prevent these complications from occurring.

PATIENT FACTORS

1. Age and overall health: The age and overall health of the patient play a role in determining the appropriateness of surgery. In general, younger, healthier patients are better able to tolerate surgery and have a lower risk of complications.
2. Presence of Other Medical Conditions: Patients with certain medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, or heart disease, may have an increased risk of complications from surgery and may require additional evaluation and management before undergoing hernia repair.

CONCLUSION

Ultimately, the decision to have hernia surgery should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional, taking into account the individual patient’s circumstances, preferences, and risks. Early intervention and timely surgical repair can help prevent complications and improve outcomes for patients with hernias.

At Thangam Multispecialty Hospital Palakkad, our Gastroenterology department is equipped with the best gastroenterologists to help you with your medical condition. We have a well-experienced and reputed team with years of experience in the field of laparoscopy.

Thangam Hospital offers comprehensive treatment for all types of hernia with the best Gastroenterologists in Palakkad who have successfully conducted several hernia repair surgeries, and we assure better care and quick recovery through our aftercare procedures.

Call us at +914912515717 and Book an appointment with our expert doctors for any hernia-related treatments.